A new design approach for manufacturing carbon fibers with optimized orientation and thickness achieves weight reduction in fiber reinforced plastics. Carbon fibers, due to their superior strength and lightness, are popular in aerospace engineering applications. Carbon fibers are stronger, stiffer, and lighter than steel. Carbon fibers are usually combined with plastics to form carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), which is well-known for its tensile strength, rigidity, and high strength-to-weight ratio. Owing to its high demand, researchers have carried out several studies to improve the strength of CFRPs, and most of these have focused on a particular technique called "fiber-steered design," which optimizes fiber orientation to enhance strength.
Now, researchers from Tokyo University of Science have adopted a new design method that optimizes both fiber thickness and orientation, achieving weight reduction in reinforced plastic and opening doors to lighter aircrafts and automobiles. "Fiber-steered design only optimizes orientation and keeps the thickness of the fibers fixed, preventing full utilization of the mechanical properties of CFRP. A weight reduction approach, which allows optimization of fiber thickness as well, has been rarely considered," explains Dr. Ryosuke Matsuzaki from Tokyo University of Science (TUS), Japan, whose research is focused on composite materials.
Against this backdrop, Dr. Matsuzaki-along with his colleagues at TUS, Yuto Mori and Naoya Kumekawa-proposed a new design method for optimizing the fiber orientation and thickness simultaneously depending on the location in the composite structure, which allowed them to reduce the weight of the CFRP compared to that of a constant thickness linear lamination model without compromising its strength. Their findings can be read in a new study published in Composite Structures.
Their method consisted of three steps: the preparatory, iterative, and modification processes. In the preparatory process, an initial analysis was performed using the finite element method (FEM) to determine the number of layers, enabling a qualitative weight evaluation by a linear lamination model and a fiber-steered design with a thickness variation model. The iterative process was used to determine the fiber orientation by the principal stress direction and iteratively calculate the thickness using "maximum stress theory". Finally, the modification process was used to make modifications accounting for manufacturability by first creating a reference "base fiber bundle" in a region requiring strength improvement and then determining the final orientation and thickness by arranging the fiber bundles such that they spread on both sides of the reference bundle.
The method of simultaneous optimization led to a weight reduction greater than 5% while enabling higher load transfer efficiency than that achieved with fiber orientation alone.
The researchers are excited by these results and look forward to the future implementation of their method for further weight reduction of conventional CFRP parts.
Source : Tokyo University of Science
Title of original paper: Variable thickness design for composite materials using curvilinear fiber paths
Journal: Composite Structures
03-Jan-25
Formulation chemist PVC compound, Upvc compound, FR, FR-LSH, Profile Extrusion, Pvc Transparent sheet tube, conduit pipe, pvc cable Watsapp +917249974815 Email -rajiv1988ranjan@gmail.com
03-Jan-25
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09-Jan-23
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09-Jan-23
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16-Nov-22
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10-Nov-22
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15-Sep-22
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11-Aug-22
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30-Jul-22
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11-Jul-22
Dear sir I want to start making pvc compound himself which is used electroplating jigs . Can you pl guide me actual formulation . These jigs used in acid and chrome plating also
19-May-22
Good day Sir, I'm under PVC Rain Gutter production, but our product is not very strong if it falls on the ground it breaks so easily, what material can I add to it to make more strong and elastic?
27-Feb-22
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25-Dec-21
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25-Dec-21
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19-Dec-21
i have manufactureing unit of soft pvc keychains using DOP & Pvc resin peast i want mix some heardner so please help me what can I use my number 9869130095
15-Nov-21
Our pvc formulation for transparent moulding compound is giving yellow tinge while we need blue. Even after adding pigment OB we are observing inside room it's yellow and when we see outside it's blue and yellow both. Suggest
02-Nov-21
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16-Oct-21
Dear Sir, We are producing soft PVC of cable grade. We also produce skin coated PVC but need some shining and glossy of the skin PVC . What are the raw materials can I used for better glossy and shining ? Note that we used hydrocarbon wax & paraffin wax but required more shining than them. PVC produce from more than 12 years.
05-Oct-21
Could you please let us know the compound to be use for PVC Electrical conduit accessories (Fittings) manufacturing along with quantity to bee used Regards R K
30-Sep-21
Hello, hope all are well. I am a manufacturer of pvc extrusion products. We buy transparent compound for our extrusion profile from outside. I would like to know the compounding to make it cost effective or someone who do the compounding. It would be great if anybody could help. 9167732932 Thanks
16-Aug-21
I started PVC compounding for electrical wire and cable,can you share me formula for PVC compounding
05-Jul-21
Hi., I have PVC PIPE manufacturing unit, but my product is not cost effective. Could you provide us a best formula to produce my product at lower material cost.
20-May-21
I would like to know about DOTP. Can i use the DOTP for PVC glove ? and how different with DOP, DOA Thank you very mach
14-May-21
Good Day, Interested to start manufacture soft pvc labels at Bangalore, Karnataka, We would like a consultant or company that can guide us in setting up the unit sholinimpex@gmail.com 9886017618
04-May-21
Hi, Every one i have good experience in PVC compound making and wires and cable making knowledge ,if you want my help to produce PVC compound and wires and cables manufacturing i will guide you. Velmurugan Subramanian, +91-8524954524.
02-May-21
Hi. I want to produce colored PVC erasers. I wanted to know how to process the pigment in PVC. Can anybody introduce a good source on this topic.
08-Apr-21
I have a problem that our product changes after 2 hrs from production and became with bad visual. How can I overcome this?
16-Mar-21
I want to start PVC compounding for electrical cable according to IS 5831 -1984 , Kindly share the right formula for PVC compound with ingredients.
28-Feb-21
Could you inform me the composition / formulation of the PVC banner including all the chemical additives regards
03-Jan-21
I am new to the PVC dip chemical business Sir can you advise me a recipe for PVC dip for hand tools. I have tried getting raisin dop cpw and dye from local supplier but I am not reaching the final result. As I am doing hit and trial with recipe. Kindly share the right formula for PVC compound for dipping hand tool items with very high gloss. Your reply will be a great help to a beginner. Thanks mohitprabhakar@gmail.com +919814811046
20-Nov-20
Sir I want to start PVC car floor mats manufacturing unit, kindly suggest best economical composition / formulation of clear and crystals PVC with most reduced curing timing at room temperature mean i am not willing to heat process manufacturing Thanks and regards
20-Nov-20
I want to start Pvc crystals granules manufacturing Kindly give me most economical composition for this
26-Oct-20
We are trying to make PVC garden hose, parrot green slightly transparent looking, please help me by providing a good mix for the above
18-Oct-20
We have set up new plant of PVC Pipe but after following all proper formula also we are facing problem of Pipe breakage continue and getting many compliant from client , please let us know how to solve this issue.
21-Sep-20
Hi I want to make upvc profiles shinny and glossy what kind of materials can do it???
13-Sep-20
Hi, Am starting a new pvc compound manufacturing business can you pls guide any one How to prepare the compounds and the chemicals name with formula.
09-Sep-20
I want to make keycahin (got that idea form youtube), with DOP and PVA for ingredients. But, when i try to mix DOP and PVA its cannot be miscible, and i still found granules from that product, and canont called it paste. Whats wrong with my experiment?
25-Aug-20
We make transparent soft pvc water hose green in colour 3/4" & 1" in diameter . kindly assist us to know how we make the pvc compound for such production. What grade pvc resin and all necessary components and additives we need and the ratio of each to make 100kgms compound . Thanks for your assistance. Amiya Kumar e-mail:-amiya@utiservices.com 9773642211
25-Aug-20
We make transparent soft pvc water hose green in colour 3/4" & 1" in diameter . kindly assist us to know how we make the pvc compound for such production. What grade pvc resin and all necessary components and additives we need and the ratio of each to make 100kgms compound . Thanks for your assistance.
25-Aug-20
We make transparent soft pvc water hose green in colour 3/4" & 1" in diameter . kindly assist us to know how we make the pvc compound for such production. What grade pvc resin and all necessary components and additives we need and the ratio of each to make 100kgms compound . Thanks for your assistance.
15-Aug-20
I am facing manufacturing many problems in making electrical conduit with recycle material of water pipe (UPVC) and electrical conduit please help me Pl reply at atulimpexjaipur@gmail.com or at my whatsapp no 9829921068 Need consultant
30-Jul-20
i m interested in PVC wall panels
15-Jul-20
i want to make PVC adhesive, plz guide me
25-Jun-20
We are into PVC compounding for electrical cable insulation and we are producing at a very high cost due to raw materials being purchased at a very high cost. Please, can recommend to us suppliers of the under listed raw materials: 1. Omya Calcium Carbonate 2. DOP (Dioctylpthalate) 3. Powdered plant fiber
22-Jun-20
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11-May-20
I am running a manufacturing unit for heavy duty pvc/upvc solvent cement. I can give the formulation for the good quality pvc cement. Afforadable price can be given. Contact me on senfareindustries@gmail.com +917907243349
18-Feb-20
I am facing manufacturing many problems in making electrical conduit with recycle material of water pipe (UPVC) and electrical conduit please help me
13-Feb-20
hello respected sir, i want to make pvc eraser both extruder and injection grade so tell me its detail formulation by telling me chemical names and its ratio by weight. also tell me how to mix it? thanks and kind regards
12-Jan-20
I am working 10years experience footwear industry,and pvc formulation.also knowledge of Eva sheet formulation, with pu chemical shoe, sandals,and outsole.i want help everybody for needed . I want a good job
26-Nov-19
Hello, how to shain in pvc cable gread plz tell me the name of chamecal,
08-Nov-19
we want to make highly glossy pvc plastisol ink for t shirt printing.please guide me
04-Nov-19
Hello sir We are manufacturer of soft pvc gaskets we have problem with roughness on profiles and we make compound at own.
23-Oct-19
dear sir, I am interested to supply pvc jointing liquid formula .
28-Sep-19
Hello sir, I am a pvc profiles manufacturer, I am falling back with one of my client. The profile he want is black in colour which I am providing him but the problem is that he is asking me for more finishing (SHINE) in that profile. I request you to please help me regarding this matter. Thank you.
08-Jul-19
Greeting for day!!!!!!!!!!!!! we are starting manufacturing for making pvc skipping rope. will you please help us with correct combination of the pvc, cpw, dop/dbp.....with quantity or other relevant formula pleasse & thnx
26-Jun-19
I am a grey Pvc pipe and HDPE Pipe manufacturer...i would humble request your advice about the formula to mixing Resin SG5 K-Value 65-67 with other components to make grey PVC pipes. This is our mixing formula but we didn't manage to make pipe the screw is blocking one we put material : -50kg Resin -1200gm One pack -500gm Steric Acid -300gm P-E Wax -100gm Titanium -14kg calcium Carbonate (from Dura Group Turkey) Please assist me with your formulation. Our machine is one screw machine
18-Jun-19
Hello sir , I am manufacturing fresh pvc compounds with cpw, caco3 , dop , resin and stabilisers . I want to produce best quality which will not been sticky and oily after we supplied ! So plz tell formulation of best quality pvc compound .
17-Jun-19
Good day sir. Am Hyginus by name, a Chemical Engineering graduate, I want to go into production of PVC pipe and I will be glad if you help me with procedures and ingredients of making PVC pipe
03-Jun-19
I have PVC pipe industry, But i want the saving ideas for my industry. And i need the cost sheet of the PVC pipe. Please share me in my email id bikashicmai@gmail.com call me 8336907193
02-Jun-19
I am new to the PVC dip chemical business Sir can you advise me a recipe for PVC dip for hand tools. I have tried getting raisin dop cpw and dye from local supplier but I am not reaching the final result. As I am doing hit and trial with recipe. Kindly share the right formula for PVC compound for dipping hand tool items with very high gloss. Your reply will be a great help to a beginner. Thanks mohitprabhakar@gmail.com
01-Jun-19
Worked on several types of PVC compositionsfor more than 25 years I may be contacted for your requirements any.
27-May-19
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10-May-19
We are usesing 124 d o p. For compound and I want to no ather then this what can v do .. good product.
10-May-19
We are usesing 124 d o p. For compound and I want to no ather then this what can v do .. good product.
03-Apr-19
We make transparent soft pvc water hose green in colour 3/4" & 1" in diameter . kindly assist us to know how we make the pvc compound for such production. What grade pvc resin and all necessary components and additives we need and the ratio of each to make 100kgms compound . Thanks for your assistance.
20-Mar-19
Hello Sir We are mfrs of soft pvc shoe bag 2D 3D label, please suggest me best qlty composition of material Thanks & Regards JH ADS
01-Feb-19
We manufacture good quality Lime stone Powder. (Ash coloured). Please find me purchaser for this product
01-Feb-19
We manufacture good quality Lime stone Powder. (Ash coloured). Please find me purchaser for this product
12-Jan-19
We are manfacturing pipes and fittings. Now going to produce valves. Can u suggest any compound formula because the surface of valve is not smooth near injection point.
31-Dec-18
Dear sir I gald to write to you.. - i want do line to product pvc pipes glue.. as attached photos.. - and i want know what is the Components of pvc pipes glue . - What is the method or proccess to product pvc glue ... - is need mix or ....etc How many type i must to mix it.. or need tank just put material inside it...etc.. Please explain to me .. Please send me all details and photo and video and price of each type of raw material .. My best regards Abdulqader Yemen 00967772822422 aghwidy2002@gmail.com
05-Dec-18
hello sir, i m fresh in pvc conduit eletric pipes manufacturing sector. so please suggest me about scope , raw materials availabililty , recipe for making good quality conduit pvc pipes and any other valuable information please. i will be thankfull to u.
09-Nov-18
I am working in pvc shoe machine. I'm new on this job. We have so many complaints in production. Like air bubble,flow mark.. How to recure that problem..
30-Aug-18
Respected sir, how to 30 shore A pvc compound for shoe pls, help me.
15-Aug-18
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15-Aug-18
Hello sir good day i am raju gupta currently in Nigeria I'm technician maintenance and production handling as like Pvc Pipe s Pvc celling sheet and Hdpe pipe s Lldpe s ppr pipe extrusion full maintananace S produce I have experience in plastic industries above 13years My whatsapp number : +25775586424 +2348094644220 Email ID : guptaji.vmore@gmail.com
12-Aug-18
I make transparent soft PVC toys , keychains which stabilizer should be mixed in this paste for shining and anti yellow and a bit hardening
12-Aug-18
Hi Sir, please help me with components needed for manufacturing RPVC pipes and it's ideal process
10-Aug-18
Dear sir, We are manufacturing foamed pvc plastisol. (liquid). The material after curing into gasket tends to shrinks / warp which is objectionable at the end use. kindly suggest the necessary modification to dewarp (To make it flat without shrinkage ). at present we are using pvc and dop. Thanks & Regards, Kaushik
29-Jul-18
Dear sir, i'm planning to set up new uPVC pipe and fitting business. so please kindly suggest me best resin and other chemicals to manufacture pipe and its fittings.
28-Jul-18
We are the manufacturer of pvc shrink film and I just want the compoundation formula so I can reduce my cost of production .pls help me. Regards Rohit munjal
25-Jul-18
Hello sir, we are the manufacturer of pvc profiles, And we like to startup pvc transparent Extrusion... and we are anable to catchup this compound, we like to make transparent in cristal clear process, can you plz suggest us to make a own compound with your experience
21-Jul-18
I want to start PVC pure transparent ,please advice the compound for the same and oblige
06-Jul-18
hi sir i want to know compound of soft garden pipe and its cost of manufacturing.
30-Jun-18
Dear Sir, I want full Information regarding Raw Material of Pvc paver / Tile Mould Manufacturing. Plz sir Guide me for this. Thank You...
23-Jun-18
Dear sir, Pls tell which chemical used to britning the pvc 2nd scrap pipes
06-Jun-18
Dear sir, We are the PVC Pipe manufacturer when we go for higher Calcium carbonate for cost reduction due to density the weight of the pipe will get increased when maintaining standard wall thickness. please suggest a chemical to increase the wall thickness of a pipe with lesser weight
04-Jun-18
SIR I WANT TRANSPARENT PVC compound
02-Jun-18
Sir I want to start Pvc crystals granules manufacturing Kindly give me most economical composition for this
30-Apr-18
Dear sir/madam, how much use in chemical pvc board And chemical list.
30-Apr-18
sir iwant manufactured pvc wall/sealing panel so please suggest any book or formula for that . pvc resin + caco3 and witch type other chamical will be used and there supplier
12-Apr-18
Dear Sir, I want full Information regarding compounding recipe / formulation of Raw Material for pvc flex banner manufacturing. which is low cost and good quality. Thanks, Regards, Noor
24-Mar-18
Dear Sir, I want full Information regarding Raw Material of Rubber Pvc Mould Manufacturing. Plz sir Guide me for this. Thank You...
12-Feb-18
Dear respected sir, I want making pvc eraser, but i no know formulation, how much ingredient and its %, temperature and what type of extruder machine. Plz sir guide me. Thanks and regard
18-Jan-18
HOW CAN WE STOP BARKAGES WHILE MANUFACTURING IN RECYCLED RIGID PVC PIPE ASK SOME NAME OF GOOD SOFTNER / PLASTISIZERS
05-Jan-18
HI THIS IS ASIF KHAN FROM KOLKATA AND I WANT TO KNOW THE RESIN FORMULA USED TO MAKE FOOTWEAR ITEM LIKE PVC SOLES.. CAN U PLZ HELP ME OUT WITH THIS ?? I WILL BE VERY MUCH THANKFUL TO U .. THANK YOU
03-Jan-18
Hallow sir, Thanks for such as good jernal . But i can't identify about Flow promoter . What kinds off chemical this is and Where it was found ?If i want to use this ratio than The U-pvc pipe quality and strength off pipe will be good or not .Thanks to you Zihad
01-Jan-18
I want to make garden tubing&,transparent tubing ,(,soft) . Manufactured here using maximum CPW to resin. Say100percent , 50kg resin & 50 kg resin k value 67. Kindly give me Compounding for transparent soft PVC used in house ,& ,garden. Stabilizer, PVC resin ,CPW etc. Thx.
17-Dec-17
Bonjour Mr, Je cherche à modifier ma formule en introduisant le caco3 et si possible de réduire quelle quantité pour la fabrication de tapis en PVC: PVC POWDER 100 KG. DOP OIL 80 KG. CALCIUM ZINC 3 KG. SOY BEAN OIL 2 KG. ANTIOXIDANT 2 KG. COLOR PIGMENT 2 KG
14-Dec-17
HELLO I am looking for a better chemical recipe for making pvc dots onto cotton gloves , poly amide gloves waiting for your reply best regards sheraz aslam
27-Nov-17
we have electric grade PVC for Insulation purpose . we purchase from china.The insulation compound tensile is coming below as required value & it is very soft. we need little hard & pass the tensile strength. please provide us the idea that we can make as per our requirement ,what we can do with this PVC. Regards. K.M.Mishra.
31-Oct-17
We are manufacturer s of Pvc pipes we are using filler content of upto 160 PHR can you suggest a formulation for upto 200-250 PHR filler content we have a conical twin screw Machine 55/120 and are manufacturing pipes from 2"-4" Dia
17-Oct-17
Hello sir, I wanted to know that how much percentage of caco3 can be used in producing raw granule for flexible applications...
12-Aug-17
Hello dear ...what is best recipe for producing good quality pvc cling filmwrapp ...as soon as possible
12-Jun-17
Dear sir We are using pvc paste grade of TPC COMPANY THAILAND BASE When we mix with DOP it's give opaque appearance we are looking PIC PASTE RESIN TRANSPARENT BASE OR ANY ADDITIVIES PLEASE SUGGEST AS ANY FOR SAID ISSUE THANKS & REGARDS
04-Jun-17
Dear Sir Would be grateful if you can suggest the best grade of PVC Resin to be used for making uPVC Deep Water Well Casing Pipes. An immediate reply would be highly appreciated. Regards Prometheus George
22-May-17
Sir, We are looking for a text method to find out the percentage of cpw in PVC soft film. Kindly guide us For Prima Vinyl Vijay Kumar
22-May-17
Sir, We are looking for a text method to find out the percentage of cpw in PVC soft film. Kindly guide us For Prima Vinyl Vijay Kumar
30-Apr-17
Dear sir/Madam have a nice day i would like to inform you that i am an Quality Controller in u-PVC Factory. And here we are looking for good approved formulation of u-PVC. i have read your formulation and we are interested in your formulation. and we have also very good requirements of u-PVC. so we would like to contact you. WE ARE WAITING FOR YOUR VALUABLE REPLY ASAP. BEST REGARDS MOHAMMAD PARVEZ Q.C
10-Apr-17
I want to make transparent soft PVC granuels (paste of DBP, CPW and PVC resin) which stabilizer should be mixed in this paste for shining and anti yellow and a bit hardening?
09-Apr-17
I make transparent soft PVC keychains (paste of DOP and PVC resin) which stabilizer should be mixed in this paste for shining and anti yellow and a bit hardening?
06-Apr-17
How to use upvc (pipe fitting) chemical .....