| Uncontrolled bleeding continues to be the leading cause of death  on the battlefield and the second leading cause of death for civilian traumas.
 A  revolutionary polymer gel puts immediate stop to bleeding - stopping the flow of profuse bleeding within  seconds. Made from plant polymers, VetiGel works with the body’s natural  healing mechanisms to clot blood on contact. This novel development is the brainchild  of Joe Landolina, a bio-molecular chemical engineer and former student of the  Polytechnic Institute of NYU, who set up a Brooklyn-based company called  Suneris. The gel technology  uses natural polymers to cooperate with the body’s native cellular clotting  signals and accelerate hemostasis. This approach stops bleeding more quickly  than any other method currently available in wound care. When this gel technology is used, three aspects of  hemostasis are enhanced to quickly and effectively stop bleeding. Immediately  after application, the gel stimulates the clotting process by physically  holding pressure in the damaged blood vessel. The gel then rapidly activates  the accumulation of platelets, which bind to the site of the injury to create a  platelet mesh. The gel completes hemostasis by accelerating the binding of the  clotting protein, fibrin, to the platelet mesh, resulting in blood coagulation  and a stable clot. The gel technology not only stops bleeding promptly, but it  also creates an exceptionally strong clot that is maintained over time. The rapid formation of a sturdy, long-lasting clot  reduces the need for a second application of the gel and, consequently, less  blood loss. Moreover, the potential need for follow-up surgeries is alleviated  due to better control of excessive bleeding. The gel technology is durable and  bioresorbable. After the gel has controlled bleeding at the site of injury, the  accompanying solidifying agent is applied to solidify the gel and form a  long-lasting protective barrier over the wound. Because the plant-based gel  technology is biocompatible, it facilitates options and flexibility in  follow-up care. Once the gel is secured as a single mass by the solidifying  agent, it can either be removed or left in place to safely resorb. The Suneris gel technology is designed to accelerate  hemostasis through physiomechanical methods. Because the gel is naturally  adhesive, it is able to remain at the site of the injury without manual  pressure, allowing the components of the gel to interact with damaged cells to  initiate hemostasis. Suneris has engineered  a polymerizing agent to enhance the durability of the gel technology. After  applying the gel and ensuring that hemostasis is achieved, the polymerizing  agent is sprayed onto the gel. This causes rapid restructuring of components in  the gel resulting in a solid mass. Our gel is able to stop bleeding without any  additional components, but solidifying the gel improves the durability of the  clot, protects the wound from outside elements and allows for easy removal, if  needed.
 VetiGel, according the inventors, can get the job done in maximum  20 seconds. The gel works on both skin and organ tissues by binding with  components in blood and tissue . The plant cell wall polymers in the gel, when  applied to the wound, duplicate the structure of the tissue. Basically when the  gel is applied part of it transforms on to the internal surface of a bleeding  organ, another to broken blood vessel, and the outer part mimics the skin,  eventually making the bleeding stop.  VetiGel  has undergone animal testing under the supervision of a cardiovascular surgeon,  and was determined to be safe enough for use for veterinarians. Landolina hopes  that VetiGel will soon be used by the armed forces in the field to treat major  trauma victims and prevent them from bleeding out until they get to hospital.
 A new battlefield lifesaver in the form of a syringe can seal a gunshot wound  in just seconds. The device was designed by US company RevMedx, which claims  the apparatus can stop a wound from bleeding in just 15 seconds. The XStat is a  modified syringe that injects tiny tablet-sized sponges into a wound. Its  creators initially experimented by spraying foam into wounds, John Steinbaugh,  a US Army Special Operations medic who is on the design team at RevMedx, told  Popular Science.  “That’s what  we pictured as the perfect solution: something you could spray in, it would  expand, and bleeding stops, But we found that blood pressure is so high, blood  would wash the foam right out,” he said.
 The team decided to use sponges measuring 1 centimeter in diameter – the size  of an aspirin or paracetamol tablet. Like the foam, these sponges expanded to  fill the wound. They also stuck to moist surfaces and created enough pressure  to stem the bleeding. The core  technology behind the dressing is mini-sponges that expand upon contact with  blood – resulting in a nearly immediate hemostatic effect without manual  compression. A medic would simply insert the syringe into a wound  and press down on the plunger to inject the miniature sponges.
 RevMedx initially experimented on animal wounds. After early success, the company  managed to secure US$5 mln in funding from the US Army. The company then  finessed its design to use sponges made from wood pulp coated with a  blood-clotting, antimicrobial substance called chitosan. Each sponge is marked  with a special ‘X’ that shows up on X-rays to ensure that none of the tiny  pills are left in the body. RevMedx  is currently developing three different sizes of the syringe to treat a variety  of wounds. Each one is made of lightweight polycarbonate and is expected to  cost about US$100. It is currently awaiting approval from the Food and Drug  Administration (FDA) for use in the US.
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