Oil rises os signs of steady economic growth, Fed hints at maintaining bond-buying

Brent crude, traded on the ICE Futures exchange in London, rose by a dollar to US$107.70 per barrel. Benchmark oil gained almost two dollars to US$105 per barrel on the Nymex- the biggest one-day gain since oil rose by almost three dollars on July 10. Signs that the U.S. economy is improving, but not fast enough for the Federal Reserve to reduce its monthly bond-buying program, have triggered this rise. Numbers from USA have been encouraging- economy grew at a better-than-expected annual rate of 1.7% in Q2. A survey from payroll company ADP showed U.S. businesses created a healthy 200,000 jobs this month. The reports signal the possibility of improved demand for gasoline and other refined products such as diesel fuel. Changes in UL standard to boost engineering plastics in electrical applications Royal DSM, the global Life Sciences and Materials Sciences company, says a recent change to an Underwriters Laboratory (UL) standard covering low-voltage switchgear (LVSG) has opened up the way for plastics innovation in electrical applications such as miniature circuit breakers. The company is leading the conversion from thermosets to engineering thermoplastics for LVSG applications. With its broad portfolio of high-performance halogen-free flame-retardant solutions DSM offers a cost-effective alternative for thermosets in these safety-critical, highly demanding technical applications. The UL 1077 standard, for supplementary protectors used in electrical equipment, is widely applied in the United States and South America. In Europe, Asia and elsewhere, IEC/EN 60947, a standard for LVSG and related industrial control gear published by the International Electro-technical Commission (IEC), is more prevalent. The recent change in the UL will make it possible for engineering plastics to be used in applications such as miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) in the Americas, where until now it was hardly possible to use materials other than thermosets. This change also signals a continuation in the convergence of UL and IEC standards, which will make it easier for suppliers to supply the same products globally. UL 1077 sets requirements on, among other aspects, the flammability of materials used in supplementary devices, which include MCBs, providing protection against overcurrent, or over- or under-voltage within electrical equipment. In the previous version of the standard, it was compulsory for materials to have a certain combination of flammability and ignition characteristics (UL 94 rating/hot wire ignition (HWI)/high current arc ignition (HAI)) at the minimum application wall thickness. Following the change, materials with a Glow Wire Flammability Index of at least 750°C (according to the IEC/EN standard 60695-2-12) can now be used for these supplementary devices. Glow-Wire End-Product testing (GWEPT) is no longer required and a material can now be approved based on UL Yellow Card GWFI listings. MCB producers and users will benefit because production of MCBs in engineering plastics is more cost-effective than in thermosets such as polyester bulk molding compound, BMC. For example: cycle times are at least 40% less than they are for BMC, material wastage is reduced, recycling is much simpler, and more innovative product designs can be used for example in thin walling and integrating additional functions into the housing of the device. Housings in engineering plastics are also more robust, since the materials are more ductile than thermosets.